At a high level, there are three main stages in system latency - the peripheral such as a mouse , the PC, and the display. You can also find it on the box of a monitor talking about how long the display takes to process the frame. And you can find it mentioned in games and software tools when they are really talking about how long the game takes to process your inputs.
These are high level definitions that gloss over some of the details, though they do give us a great foundation to communicate about latency effectively. We will also go into more detail about each of the stages later in the article, so if you want to get more technical, skip ahead to the advanced section. In general, higher FPS correlates with lower system latency - however this relationship is far from 1-to First, there is the number of pictures our display can present to us per second.
The second way is the time it takes for our actions to be reflected in one of those pictures -- a duration called System Latency. If we have a PC that can render FPS, but it takes one second for our inputs to reach the display, that would be a poor experience.
Conversely, if our actions are instantaneous but our framerate is 5 FPS, that won't be a great experience either. So which one matters more? More than a year ago, we set out to answer this question and the findings are quite interesting.
We published our full research at SIGGRAPH Asia, but in short, we found that system latency impacted subjects' ability to complete aiming tasks in an aim trainer much more than the rate of frames displayed on their monitor. But why is that? Hit registration is a term gamers use when talking about how well the game registers their shots onto another player. We often blame hit registry when we KNOW we hit that shot. We have all been there. But is it really hit registration? In this shot above, the mouse button was pressed when the crosshair was over the target, but we still missed.
Due to system latency and the movement of the opponent, the game engine read that the position of your crosshair was actually behind the target.
In fact, what you see on your display is behind the current state of the game engine. This is simply because it takes a while for the PC to process the information, render the frame, and present it to the display. In games where milliseconds matter, extra ms of delay can mean missing that game winning frag. This phenomena is often seen as a characteristic of the game networking code or network latency.
As you can see in the shot above, both players were equally distanced from the angle, and their pings were the same. The only difference was their system latencies. Similar to the hit registration explanation, at higher system latency your view of the world is delayed - allowing for the target to see you before you see the target.
In particular, flick shots. Drilling flicks is probably the most important training you can do for competitive games like CS:GO or Valorant. In a split second you must acquire your target, flick to it, and click with incredible precision that requires millisecond accuracy. At higher latencies, this feedback loop time is increased resulting in less precision. The end result is pretty clear - high latency means less precision.
And that brings us to the results of our study we mentioned earlier. In the chart below, you can see how lower latency had a large impact when measuring flick shot accuracy. In competitive games, higher FPS and refresh rates Hz reduce your latency, delivering more opportunities for your inputs to end up on screen.
Even small reductions in latency have an impact on flicking performance. In fact, the average difference in aiming task completion the time it takes to acquire and shoot a target between a 12ms and 20ms PCs was measured to be ms - that is about 22 times the system latency difference.
To put that into perspective, given the same target difficulty, in a tick Valorant or CS:GO server, your shots will land on target an average of 23 ticks earlier on the 12ms PC setup.
Yet most gamers play on systems with ms of system latency! So does this translate into actually being more successful in games? Being good at competitive shooters involves much more than just mechanical skill. A keen game sense and battle-hardened strategy can go a long way towards getting a chicken dinner or clutching the round.
By no means does correlation mean causation. Some of these techniques can result in large latency savings, while others will have more modest benefits, depending on the situation. In the above image, we can see that the queue is filled with frames. The CPU is processing frames faster than the GPU can render them causing this backup, resulting in an increase of render latency.
The Reflex SDK shares some similarities with the Ultra Low Latency Mode in the driver; however, by integrating directly into the game, we are able to control the amount of back-pressure the CPU receives from the render queue and other later stages of the pipeline. While the Ultra Low Latency mode can often reduce the render queue, it can not remove the increased back-pressure on the game and CPU side.
When developers integrate the Reflex SDK, they are able to effectively delay the sampling of input and game simulation by dynamically adjusting the submission timing of rendering work to the GPU so that they are processed just-in-time.
Even when the game is CPU-bound, longer rendering times add latency. Keeping the clocks higher can consume significantly more power, but can reduce latency slightly when the GPU is significantly underutilized and the CPU submits the final rendering work in a large batch.
Note that if you do not want the power tradeoff, you can use Reflex Low Latency mode without the Boost enabled. Competitive gamers generally avoid higher resolutions when playing first person shooters due to the increased rendering load and latency. However, with NVIDIA Reflex, you can get lower latency at higher resolutions - enabling competitive play for gamers who enjoy great image quality and a responsive experience.
Regardless of the state of the rendering pipeline, the Reflex SDK intelligently reduces render latency for the given configuration. With the Reflex SDK, gamers can stay in the rendering latency sweet spot without having to turn all their settings to low. As mentioned earlier in the article, this will help reduce the rendering latency, but without full control of the pipeline. However, if you leave both on, the Reflex Low Latency mode will take higher priority automatically for you.
When the GPU is saturated with work, it will always run at maximum performance. These higher clocks can reduce latency in CPU-bound instances at a tradeoff of higher power consumption. This mode is designed for gamers who want to squeeze every last microsecond of latency out of the pipeline regardless of power.
A professional driver who is physically fit and trained in high-speed driving might have a reaction time of 0. An article featured on the website www.
Driving simulators can be used to objectively measure reaction times. Simulations can incorporate various hazards such as other vehicles, pedestrians or animals in the roadway.
The simulator measures and records the time between when the hazard is displayed in the simulation and when the driver applies the brakes. The simulator can not only measure simple reaction to an awaited stimulus, but can also measure more complex reaction times to potential hazards that occur on the roadway. Simulator scenarios can also be used to provide practice and training tools to improve reaction times. This can be helpful when drivers are reluctant to admit any decline in driving fitness.
Safe drivers of any age must account for their own reaction times and the reaction times of others around them. Did you know? Some state departments of motor vehicles place restrictions on drivers once they reach a certain age. However, changes in vision, physical fitness and reflexes may cause safety concerns. By accurately assessing age-related changes, you can adjust your driving habits to remain safe on the road or choose other kinds of transportation.
One way to stay safe while driving is by making sure you understand how medical conditions can impact your ability to drive safely. Another way is by adapting your motor vehicle to make sure it fits you properly, as well as choosing appropriate features, installing and knowing how to use adaptive devices, and practicing good vehicle maintenance.
If you are an older driver with a medical condition, or if you are a concerned caregiver, NHTSA has several resources for safer driving. These resources will help you learn how medical conditions can affect driving, what to do if you're experiencing or witnessing certain warning signs, and where to learn more about certain medical conditions. These resources also provide information about transportation alternatives and how to get help with transportation.
NHTSA has many online resources to help older drivers learn how to best drive with certain conditions. NHTSA also offers YouTube videos to help law enforcement cite and refer medically impaired drivers and state departments of motor vehicles screen for medically at-risk drivers.
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